KAP-surveys about antimicrobial resistance have been conducted among medical doctors in the community setting, but at the time of submission, only five have been reported from the hospital setting, including only one from a middle-income country (Table 1). Therefore, knowledge about the driving forces behind AM prescription is needed, and such information can be obtained by means of so-called KAP-surveys (knowledge, attitudes and practice surveys). Reduction in AM use is a cornerstone in the containment of AMR and can be addressed through changes in prescribing behaviour. Patients who receive AMs have an increased risk of acquiring infection from resistant microorganisms and such infections may be associated with increased mortality and morbidity. Two main contributing factors are (i) excessive use of antimicrobials (AMs) adding to an increased selection pressure and (ii) insufficient infection control policies favouring the spread of resistant microorganisms. This survey revealed topics to address during future AM prescribing interventions such as dissemination of information about local AMR rates, promoting confidence in the quality of locally available AMs, redaction and dissemination of local AM guidelines and addressing the general public, and exploring the possibilities of internet-based training.Īntimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a worldwide problem preferentially affecting low- and middle income countries. Participants requested more AM prescribing educational programs (96%) and local AM guidelines (92%). Fifty seven percent of participants regarded AMs in their hospitals to be of poor quality. Sources of information considered as very useful/useful included pocket-based AM prescribing guidelines (69%) and internet sources (62%). Confidence among AM prescribing was higher among attending physicians (82%) compared to residents (30%, p < 0.001%). Patients' pressure to prescribing AMs was considered as contributing to AM overuse in the community (72%) more than in the hospital setting (50%). AM overuse was perceived both for the community (96%) and the hospital settings (90%). Participants strongly agreed that AMR is a problem worldwide (70%) and in Peru (65%), but less in their own practice (22%). Theoretical knowledge was good (mean score of 6 ± 1.3 on 7 questions) in contrast to poor awareness (< 33%) of local AMR rates of key-pathogens. MethodsĬross-sectional study using a self-administered questionnaire ResultsĪ total of 256 participants completed the questionnaire (response rate 82%). The present study evaluated knowledge, attitudes and practices about AMR and AM prescribing among medical doctors in two large public hospitals in Lima, Peru, a middle-income country. Provide additional guidance on how to ensure the quality of KAP data and enhance the participation of children during the different steps of a survey.Misuse of antimicrobials (AMs) and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are global concerns. Describe how to prepare for, implement and use the results of a KAP survey, offering valuable advice and learning from the field at each stage of the process iv. Help users determine if a KAP survey is an appropriate method for collecting data to be used on a child protection programme iii. Introduce the concept of KAP surveys in child protection ii. In particular, this guide will help to strengthen the quality of our research, monitoring and evaluation work, and enable Save the Children to contribute to a step-change in the child protection evidence base that is so critically needed. Knowledge, Attitudes and Practice (KAP) Surveys in Child Protection is a step-by-step guide to the design and implementation of surveys for all staff working on child protection programmes that need quantitative data on knowledge, attitudes and practices related to child protection.
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